Happy Birthday Nelson Mandela

उनी न गोरा विरोधी थिए । न त काला विरोधी नै । उनी त जातिय विभेदका विरोधी भए । फलस्वरुप उनले १९९३ मा नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार पाए भने १९९४ मा अपि्रुकाको प्रथम अश्वेत राष्ट्रपति हुन सफल भए ।











ुम स्वतन्त्र हुन जन्मेको हुँ म बगैचामा स्वतन्त्रपुर्वक हिड्नका लागि जन्मेको हुँ र विना रोकतोक् नदीमा पौडिनका लािग जन्मेको हु ।ु यस्तै विचारका धनी नेल्सन मण्डेला १९१८ जुलाई १८ मा जन्मेका हुन । अपि्रुकाका महान एवं त्यागी नेता मण्डेला आइतबार ९३ वर्षमा टेक्दैछन ।



संयोग भनौ फिफा वल्र्डकप २०१० सकिएको छ । यसैबेला मण्डेला आफ्नो जन्मदिन मनाउदैछन । वृद्धअवस्थाका कारण कमजोर भएकाले आजभोलि बाहिर कमै निस्कने गर्छन । विश्वकप समापन समरोहमा उनी निकै खुशी साथ हात हल्लाउदै आइपुगेका थिए ।



मण्डेलाकै कारण यसपाला दक्षिण अपि्रुकाले विश्वकै सर्वधिक चर्चित विश्वकप फुटबल आयोजना गर्ने मौका पाएको थियो । प्रभावशाली व्यक्तित्वकै कारण ४ वर्ष अघि विश्वकप आयोजनाका लागि संसारभरिका चर्चित व्यक्तिबाट सकरात्मक जनमत तयार पार्न सफल भए उनी । रंगभेद अन्त्यका लागि आफ्नो जीवन अर्पण गरेका यिनै महान नेता नेल्सन मण्डेलाको बाल्यकाल कसरी वित्यो होला त



बाल्यकाल



थेम्बु बंशका मण्डेला दक्षिण अपि्रुकाको सानो गाँउमा जन्मेका थिए । उनको जन्मको नाम रोलिल्लहल मण्डेला थियो । काला जातिको उनको परिवार गरिब तथा पिछडिएको वर्गमा पर्थे । त्यसैले उनी भन्दा अघि परिवारबाट कोही पनि स्कुल भर्ना भएका थिएनन् ।



नाम लामो र हेपिएर बोलाउने भएको भन्दै शिक्षिकाले पहिले दिनमै उनको नाम परिवर्तन गरी नेल्सन राखिन् । बुवा थेम्बु बंशका प्रमुख सल्लाहकार थिए । क्षयरोगले उनी ९ वर्षको हुदाँ नै बुवा यस संसारबाट विदा भएकोले यो पद उनले सम्हाल्नु पर् यो ।



प्रराम्भिक शिक्षा गाँउबाटै सकाएका उनले १९ वर्षको उमेरमा स्कुल शिक्षा पुरा गरे । त्यसपछि स्नातक पढ्नका लागि फोर्ट हेयर कलेजमा भर्ना भए । यस अघि उनले दौड र ब_िक्सङमा समेत तालिम लिएका थिए । भनिन्छ कुनै समय उनका पुर्वज राज्य प्रमुख थिए । सानो छादा पुर्वजको वीरताको कथा सुनेर उनी मनमनै भेदभाव अन्त्य गर्ने सपना बुन्थे ।









राजनीित



उनको पालामा रंगभेदले दक्षिण अपि्रुकामा चरम रुप लिएको थियॊ । अल्पसंख्यक गोरा जातिले काला जातिलाई शासन गर्थे । त्यतिबेला काला जातिलाई किनबेच समेत गरिन्थ्यो । गोराहरु बस्ने ठाँउमा उनीहरुलाई बस्न दिदैनथे । त्यसैको विरोधमा उत्रेका मण्डेला फोर्ट हेयर कलेजमा विद्यार्थी प्रतिनिधिमा चुनिए ।





पढाई सकाएर सन १९४३ मा उनी अपि्रुकन नेशनल कांग्रेसमा अबाद्ध भए । १९४४ तिर विश्वयुद्ध चर्किरहेको थियो । त्यसैबेला पार्टीलाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाइयो । केही समयपछि ६० सदस्यीय अपि्रुकन नेशनल कांग्रेस युथ लिग गठन गरे । उनी निकै सकि्रयतापुर्वक काम गर्न थालेकाले १९४८ मा यस संगठनको राष्ट्रिय सचिवमा चुनिए ।



त्यसपछि उनलाई नेताको रुपमा चिन्न थाले । केही समयमै उनी संगठन प्रमुख भए । उनी रंगभेदी कानुनको विरोधमा देशव्यापी भ्रमणमा निस्के । यो अवज्ञा अभियान जोहन्सबर्गमा प्रतिवन्ध गरियो । प्रतिवन्धमा परेपछि उनी कानुनको अध्ययनमा लागे । जोहन्सवर्गमा १९५२ मा उनले एक साथीको सहयोगमा काला जातिको पहिलो कानुनी सेवा दिने ल फर्म खुले ।



ुमेरो ल फर्ममा काला र सेता दुबै जातिका मानिस आउन सक्छन म रंगको आधारमा मुदद हेर्ने छैनु उनले यसै भनेको थियो । गोराको निर्मम कानुनका कारण उनीहरुले केही गर्न सकेनन् । उनी पटक पटक जेलमा परे । विभिन्न पोशाक र अभिनय गरी उनी काला जातिलाई सचेत बनाउदै हिड्थे । उनी कहिले किसानको भेषमा त कहिले भरिया बनेर गाँउगाँउमा पुग्थे । उनको चलाखीले गर्दा पुलिस हैरान भएका थिए । उनलाई पुलिसहरु ुकाला दलालु भन्थे । यस क्रममा उनी विभिन्न देशमा समेत पुग्थे । सेनेगल सर्बियका प्रमुखहरुले उनलाई ससम्मान स्वागत गर्थे ।



सफलता



विदेशबाट अपि्रुका आउने वित्तिकै उनी गैरकानुनी रुपमा विदेश गएको र हड्ताल गरेको आरोपमा पक्राउ परे । उनले सबै जनतालाई कानुन नमान्न आग्रह गरे ुहाम्रो प्रतिनिधि नभएको कानुन किन मान्ने ।ु २७ वर्षको लामो जेलजीवन बिताएपछि १९९० मा उनी मुक्त भएका थिए । उनी १९९१ मा नेशनल कांग्रेसको सभापतिमा चुनिए ।





रंगभेद जातिभेद वर्गभेद र धर्मभेदको चरम अवस्था रहेको बेला उनी मुक्त भएपछि गोरासँग बदला लिनेछन भनी धेरैले अड्काल गरेका थिए । जनता पनि तुरुन्तै उनले वदला लिएको हेर्न चाहान्थे । उनको समर्थकको चाहना उनले बुझेका थिए । तर विचारले खारिएका त्यागको भावनाले ओतप्रोत मनवीय संवेदनाले भरपुर र दुरदर्शी उनले त्यसो गरेनन् । उनी न त गोरा विरोधी थिए न ता काला विरोधी नै उनी त जातिय भेदभाव विरोधी भए । फलस्वरुप उनले १९९३ मा नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार पाए भने मे १० १९९४ मा उनी अपि्रुकाका प्रथम अश्वेत राष्ट्रपति हुन सफल भए । १९९९ मा पनि उनलाई जनताले राष्टपति पदका लागि चुनेका थिए । तर उनले सधै आफू मात्र सो पद ओगटेर बस्न नमिल्ने बताएपछि विश्वभरिका राजनेताले उनकॊ प्रशंसा गरेका थिए ।

Moment of life.....

Netherlands and Uruguay advance to World Cup semis

JOHANNESBURG -- The Netherlands came from behind to upset mighty Brazil 2-1 on Friday and become the first team into the World Cup semifinals, setting up a meeting with Uruguay, who beat Ghana in a penalty shootout.

Dutch playmaker Wesley Sneijder was involved in both second-half goals in Port Elizabeth after Robinho had scored for Brazil in the 10th minute. Brazil thrilled in the first half, completely dominating the Dutch, but crumbled when Sneijder's cross in the 53rd minute was deflected into his own net by Brazil midfielder Felipe Melo. Sneijder then headed in the winner in the 68th from near the penalty spot after Dirk Kuyt flicked the ball on from a corner.

Felipe Melo was shown a direct red card in the 73rd for stamping on Netherlands winger Arjen Robben, who tormented the Brazilian defense.

"We didn't expect this," Brazil coach Dunga said. "We know that any World Cup match is about 90 minutes. In the first half we were able to play better, and we weren't able to maintain that rhythm in the second half."

The Netherlands, which extended its unbeaten streak to 24 games since losing to Australia in September 2008, will play Uruguay on Tuesday in Cape Town. Ghana failed in its mission to become the first African team to reach a World Cup semifinal.

Uruguay reached the World Cup semifinals for the first time since 1970, beating Ghana 4-2 on penalties after the last African team in the tournament missed a spot kick in the final minute of extra time.

The Uruguayans advanced after Sebastian Abreu casually chipped the last penalty straight down the middle to secure the win, after a 1-1 draw following 120 minutes of play.

Asamoah Gyan had a chance to win the game, but he hit the crossbar with a penalty in the last second of extra time after Luis Suarez was sent off for handling the ball on the line.

"To be among the four best (teams) in the world, there are no words for that," said Uruguay forward Diego Forlan, who scored the equalizer with a free kick in the 55th minute. "We felt we were going to faint with each penalty."

In today's quarterfinals, Argentina plays Germany in Cape Town and Spain takes on Paraguay in Johannesburg.

Germany coach Joachim Loew sought to tone down the pre-match criticism of Argentina by saying his players respect their quarterfinal opponents.

Several players criticized Argentina ahead of today's match and Loew said there was "freedom of speech" in his team.

He then proved it Friday by calling Argentina "incredibly aggressive" on the field.

Loew said Argentina is "physical to the limit" and that he expected the "greatest possible resistance" from the South Americans.

Africa was dealt another blow before kickoff on Friday when FIFA threatened to suspend Nigeria from world football unless the country's government overturns its ban on the national team following its elimination in the group stage last week.

Nigeria President Goodluck Jonathan has until Monday evening to back down on his threat to pull the Nigerian Football Federation out of international competition for two years.

England's Football Association decided to retain coach Fabio Capello despite the team's disappointing World Cup campaign.

Capello has a contract through to the 2012 European Championship, but England's struggle to qualify second in its group before being emphatically beaten by Germany in the round of 16 led the FA to say it would take two weeks to review the Italian's position.

In the end, it only took the FA five days to confirm that Capello would fulfill his contract.

"We will look to introduce new players to give the team new energy and I will use all my experience to take England forward," Capello said. "I am extremely proud to be the England manager, it means so much to me and I am determined to succeed."

Laurent Blanc was officially appointed as France coach to replace Raymond Domenech at a French Football Federation council meeting following its calamitous World Cup.

Striker Nicolas Anelka was sent home for abusing Domenech, resulting in the rest of the squad refusing to train. France lost its final group game to go out for the second straight tournament without winning a match, after its first-round exit from Euro 2008.

Council member Lilian Thuram, who played alongside Blanc as France won the 1998 World Cup, said Patrice Evra's role in the training boycott that led to the defender losing the France captaincy should have repercussions.

"I asked that Patrice Evra does not play again for the France team," Thuram said after the FFF meeting. "I think there is a minimum amount of respect to have."

Greece's new coach, Fernando Santos, says the team will adopt a different playing style, signaling a departure from the defensive tactics employed by his predecessor, Otto Rehhagel. Greece was eliminated in the first round in South Africa.

A Briton and an American were arrested for ticket touting at the World Cup.

South Africa police said a weeklong investigation resulted in the arrests of 38-year-old Karen Sorenson and 39-year-old Brendan Evans, a Zimbabwe-born U.S. citizen, at their hotel in Sandton, in northern Johannesburg. source-standard.net

Van Marwijk: All about the next match

Netherlands coach Bert van Marwijk warned that it was vital his players put their quarter-final victory over Brazil behind them as he looked forward to Tuesday's semi-final against Uruguay in an interview with FIFA.

FIFA: Congratulations, you've reached the semi-finals. What a match on Friday against Brazil.
Bert van Marwijk: It was a match with everything in it for us. At the press conference afterwards, I said that you could see the last two years reflected in one match. We're a team that look very stable and can fall back on good organisation, and through that, we also have confidence and can play football very well. We're a team that can also be patient but we were facing a situation like this for the first time. In the first 20 minutes you could see that we weren't ourselves and in that period we could have easily lost the match.

What do you think went wrong in those first 20 minutes?
Our organisation wasn't right when they scored. Apart from that I think the players were positioned well during the whole match. But before the game I also said that against Brazil you really have to be yourself and play your own game, dictate your own tempo. We had decided that before and spoken about it, but then you begin and you see that, somehow, Brazil were just that bit smarter, that bit more aggressive, and more professional as well. They had a bit more confidence and we were missing that. We should have shown more initiative and self-confidence. You could see that after 20-25 minutes, it was coming back a bit and I hoped then that if we got to half-time at 1-0, we'd still have a chance in the second half. It was then that we shook off all the pressure and we played a very good match.

How proud are you of your players?
For me, the best moments are the moments when you get rewarded as a team for all the work you've done. That's what I enjoy most. The boys played fantastically well and showed the right mentality and on such a stage, in such an important match with so much pressure they came back from 1-0 down. That's just very good.

You said yourself that the team process is important. If you had to describe yourself as a coach, what do you think is most important?
I'm very clear to the players. They should be able to call you at night and I'll be there for them, but I like to show some very clear boundaries. I think it’s important that you're in the middle of the group at the right moments, but also take a distance from them at the right times. It's important that you can influence but that you don't get influenced. These are some of the most important characteristics for a coach. Everyone does it in his own way and me as well. Everything I say is my truth, not the one and only truth.

Now it's Uruguay in the semi finals. How well do you know them?
We've already seen a lot of Uruguay and I know some of the players. It will be a very dangerous match. I warned this on the first day two years ago – there's always the next game. The euphoria in Holland is massive at the moment and maybe it's good that we're so far away and can't witness it because we really need to focus on Uruguay and that won’t be easy. They didn't reach the semi final for nothing, so we have to really focus again and not think that we're already there.

Is that the biggest danger for you – the euphoria and the changes you need to make?
We have witnessed it before in the past. Think about two years ago in Austria and Switzerland – we beat Italy and France and everybody already thought we would become European champions but we didn't even survive the quarter-finals because we thought that we were already there. That's what I've tried to make clear, that this has to be different. Until now, the players have shown that they've picked that up very well but this will be another important test.

So in that sense, you fully trust your players?
I've a lot of faith in my players and in everything – our whole organisation and the way we work. But in the end it's also the mindset at a particular moment that decides whether you win a match or not.- source FIFA.COM